Miért volt a microchip gyártásban a nyugati technológia megkerülhetetlen még a Japánok számára is? Miért a hollandok voltak mindig is a legjobbak a miniatürizálásba? ASML? A kelet miért nem képes a jó minőségű litography machine-t gyártani hozzá?

First off, despite huge support from Japan for the past two decades, Shanghai Micro only managed to produce lithography machines capable of 90nm node production and perhaps 45nm in sampling runs. And even that is receiving no orders except state run companies. Fabs in China'd rather buy used ASML/Nikon/Canon machines due to better support and production proven.

Secondly, NIL had been researched by States since the mid-90s, it could potentially build feature sizes in the 5nm range, but its precision is much much worse than EUV-litho, the yield for modern microchips would be horrendous!

Finally, for far too long China had piggybacked on the West and Japan to develop their microchip empire, now suddenly they have to go independent will certainly be met with some daunting challenges. Remember Japan also almost gone totally independent in chip development in the 90s and they were much better prepared than China. Still, they fell off relevance so fast it wasn't even funny.